Water quality and light absorption attributes of glacial lakes in Mount Qomolangma region     

Huimin Yan  Zhijun Yao  Heqing Huang  Dong Jiang  Xiaohui Dong  Rui Duan  Yili Zhang 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(5):860-870

As they are products of glacier movement, the water body composition and water quality attributes of glacial lakes have distinct characteristics compared with inland lakes. Although satellite remote sensing provides an effective approach to monitor water quality, lack of in-situ measurement data on the status and environment surrounding glacial lakes presents a major constraint in relating satellite data to water quality indicators. This study presents findings of a preliminary investigation into water quality attributes of 3 glacial lakes in the Mount Qomolangma region. Suspended particulate matter （SPM）, light absorption attributes of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles （NAP）, and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） were measured. The suspended substance concentration varies markedly from 0-320 mg/L. This is considered to reflect differing stages of lake development. l-he chlorophyll concentra- tion is much lower than that found for inland lakes, as landscapes that surround these high altitude lakes have almost no vegetation growth. The phytoplankton and CDOM concentration depend on long-term stability of lake slopes. Given the lack of exogenous and endogenous inputs in the Qomolangma region, CDOM in glacial lakes is significantly lower than in inland lakes. These preliminary findings could support efforts to appraise estimates of water quality parameters using remotely sensed images.  相似文献   

Calving retreat and proglacial lake growth at Hooker Glacier,Southern Alps,New Zealand     

Clare M. Robertson  Martin S. Brook  Kat A. Holt  Ian C. Fuller  Douglas I. Benn 《New Zealand geographer》2013,69(1):14-25

Hooker Glacier in the central Southern Alps of New Zealand has undergone significant downwasting and recession (～2.14 km) during the last two centuries. High retreat rates (51 m a^?1 1986–2001, 43 m a^?1 2001–2011) have produced a large (1.22 km²) proglacial lake. We present a retreat scenario for Hooker Glacier. A retreat scenario predicts that the glacier terminus will stabilise >3 km up‐valley of the current lake outlet after 2028 when ice velocity equals calving rate.  相似文献   

试论湖相高频旋回水下间断面的成因:揭示湖盆短期沉降过程的突破口          下载免费PDF全文

王冠民  吴智平  陈清华 《地学前缘》2012,19(1):51-57

在湖相条件下,常发育沉积水体单一向上变浅的高频旋回,旋回底部为水下间断面,间断面之上的古水深迅速增大。在陆相层序地层学研究中,常将这类间断面直接归为古气候变化引起湖泛和物源后退形成的水下无沉积作用面。但这种认识目前还难以得到圆满的解释,而如果将其归为盆地短周期的间歇性构造沉降成因似乎显得更为合理。针对湖相高频旋回水下间断面的成因研究,不仅可以进一步探讨盆地短周期的构造活动方式及其对湖相高频旋回沉积过程的影响,也为在湖相条件下更好地应用米兰柯维奇旋回理论提供研究基础。  相似文献   

九寨沟早期钙华体的岩溶作用与湖瀑景观的形成   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

周绪纶  刘民生 《四川地质学报》2012,32(3):333-338

九寨沟与四川西北部碳酸盐岩地区早期钙华体在52～3万年前的冰缘环境中形成.3万年后,区内气温在振荡中升高,使九寨冰缘退缩,岩溶水酸化并具溶蚀性,在早期钙华体上形成了湖瀑等各种溶蚀形态,渗流溶蚀和混合溶蚀是壶穴湖、梯湖和溶蚀湖形成的主要机制,溶蚀侵蚀伴有季节性钙华沉淀形成着叠水和瀑布.保护湖瀑景观的原则是抑制钙华的溶蚀强度,运用岩溶水的瀑堤效应促进CaCO3沉淀,增强瀑堤的固结,减少渗漏.  相似文献   

堰塞湖溃坝控制和人工排险技术     

解家毕  丁留谦  张启义 《地质灾害与环境保护》2012,23(1):96-102

首先阐述堰塞湖溃坝控制与人工排险的内容、原则和方案.在此基础上分析堰塞湖应急处置中安全监测的原则和内容,以及泄流、渗流控制、滑动体加固等应急工程措施适用性.最后讨论冲切和坝体稳定泄流的工程设计与应急转移措施.  相似文献   

太湖沉积对流域极端降水和洪水响应的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李永飞  于革  沈华东  胡守云  姚书春  尹刚 《沉积学报》2012,30(6):1099-1105

认识极端洪水特征和周期,急需建立长期洪水记录和序列。过去150 a来长江下游极端降水引发了多次太湖特大洪水,太湖湖泊沉积提供了长于观测资料的洪水记录。本文利用太湖中心开阔水域的近现代沉积,采用210Pb和137Cs测年法和粒度、磁学特征分析,与区域夏季降水和长江下游洪峰流量进行相关分析,恢复了太湖流域150 a来的历史洪水事件。根据长江下游极端夏季降水（Pjja≥90%百分位）和极端径流(Q≥90%百分位)以及历史文献记载,太湖流域自1840年以来约有24次特大洪水年,而湖泊沉积物砂级粒径与低频磁化率等特征能捕获与之对应的中洪水事件15次。这表明湖泊沉积记录能较好地反演过去洪水变化,为利用沉积记录认识百年极端洪水长周期变化和特征提供了沉积学、磁学等方面的科学依据。  相似文献   

试论利用青海湖介形虫体长定量恢复湖水古盐度的可靠性     

徐星娜  汪勇  沈吉  王勇 《沉积学报》2012,30(6):1072-1079

以青海湖东南部湖盆钻取的长475 cm沉积岩芯（QH 2005）为材料,基于6个层位14C年代（4个总有机碳（BOC）样品年代和2个木质素样品年代）建立了晚冰期以来QH 2005钻孔的“深度-年代”模型,并对BOC样品14C年代的硬水效应（732~2475年）进行了校正。挑选沉积物中成年介形虫（Limnocythere inopinata或Eucypris inflata）壳体,对其测定了δ18O值;同时测定了L. inopinata壳体体长,在此基础上利用经验公式定量恢复了青海湖湖水古盐度;此外还对QH 2005钻孔沉积物进行了红度指标的测定。结果表明:QH 2005孔沉积物红度和介形虫壳体δ18O指标所揭示的晚冰期以来气候演化模式与前人研究结果基本一致,而L. inopinata壳体体长定量重建的湖水古盐度只在较长时间尺度上（对应较大的湖水盐度变化）与气候演化模式较为一致,但在千/百年尺度上并不能很好指示气候突变事件,可见青海湖湖水盐度是L. inopinata壳体体长变化的一个重要影响因素,但并非唯一的决定性因素。  相似文献   

新疆柴窝堡湖沉积物中环境敏感粒度组分揭示的环境信息   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马龙  吴敬禄  吉力力·阿不都外力 《沉积学报》2012,30(5):945-954

通过对柴窝堡湖沉积物剖面和流域表层沉积物进行粒度分析,结合沉积剖面年代序列,研究了柴窝堡地区的环境演变与沙尘暴事件。首先通过主成分因子分析,对柴窝堡湖沉积物剖面粒度不同粒级组分含量进行了研究,探讨了湖泊沉积物的物质来源,获得了两个主控因子F1和F2,它们控制了湖泊沉积物近97.7%的粒度变化特征。研究表明,F2代表了以57 μm为众数粒径的次总体,主要来源于地表风沙侵蚀;而F1为以7 μm为众数粒径的次总体,主要受流水作用控制。进而通过粒径-标准偏差法,提取了湖泊沉积物中环境敏感粒度组分,风成组分C2（20~209 μm）反映了区域风沙活动的历史,并揭示了1910-1930年和1980-2000年为百年来的两个沙尘暴相对活动强烈的时期。沉积物中记录的1980年和2000年左右的沙尘事件与器测记录及历史文献记载具有很好的一致性。最后利用均值突变诊断分析,发现柴窝堡湖地区1910年前后存在近百年来最强的沙尘事件,揭示了近百年来该地区一次最强的环境突变事件。   相似文献   

Seismic evidence of up to 200 m lake‐level change in Southern Patagonia since Marine Isotope Stage 4     

ANDREA CATALINA GEBHARDT  CHRISTIAN OHLENDORF  FRANK NIESSEN  MARC DE BATIST  FLAVIO S. ANSELMETTI  DANIEL ARIZTEGUI  PIERRE KLIEM  STEFAN WASTEGÅRD  BERND ZOLITSCHKA 《Sedimentology》2012,59(3):1087-1100

Maar lake Laguna Potrok Aike is located north of the Strait of Magellan (south‐eastern Patagonia). Seismic reflection profiles revealed a highly dynamic palaeoclimate history. Dunes were identified in the eastern part of the lake at approximately 30 to 80 m below the lake floor, overlying older lacustrine strata, and suggest that the region experienced dry conditions probably combined with strong westerly winds. It is quite likely that this can be linked to a major dust event recorded in the Antarctic ice cores during Marine Isotope Stage 4. The dunes are overlain by a series of palaeo‐shorelines indicating a stepwise water‐level evolution of a new lake established after this dry period, and thus a change towards wetter conditions. After the initial, rapid and stepwise lake‐level rise, the basin became deeper and wider, and sediments deposited on the lake shoulder at approximately 33 m below present‐day lake level point towards a long period of lake‐level highstand between roughly 53·5 ka cal. bp and 30 ka cal. bp with a maximum lake level some 200 m higher than the desiccation horizon. This highstand was then followed by a regressional phase of uncertain age, although it must have happened some time between approximately 30 ka cal. bp and 6750 yrs cal. bp . Dryer conditions during the Mid‐Holocene are evidenced by a dropping lake level, resulting in a basin‐wide erosional unconformity on the lake shoulder. A second stepwise transgression between ca 5·8 to 5·4 ka cal. bp and ca 4·7 to 4 ka cal. bp with palaeo‐shorelines deposited on the lake shoulder unconformity again indicates a change towards wetter conditions.  相似文献   

渤海东部庙北地区古近系层序与沉积特征     

刘朋波  王昕  官大勇  李才  高坤顺  张海义 《地质科技情报》2012,31(3):1-7

综合壁心、薄片、钻井和三维地震等资料分析渤海东部庙北地区古近系层序与沉积特征,并运用地震相、古地貌和地震属性刻画沉积体系平面展布.研究表明,古近系由1个二级层序、4个三级层序组成,经历了一个完整的湖泊初始发育、扩张及萎缩阶段,主要发育扇三角洲、碳酸盐岩浅滩、半深湖-深湖、辫状河三角洲等沉积体系.不同的沉积体系形成于不同的湖泊演化阶段,地震响应特征也不同.扇三角洲和碳酸盐岩浅滩发育于湖泊初始发育阶段,扇三角洲表现为填充型楔形前积反射,沿凸起边缘断坡带呈朵状分布;碳酸盐岩浅滩表现为水进型丘形叠瓦状反射,呈椭圆状分布于水下古隆起带上,椭圆的长轴方向平行于水下古隆起带走向;半深湖-深湖相暗色泥岩发育于湖泊扩张期,表现为平行连续中弱振幅反射,在庙西北洼和渤东凹陷深陷带最为发育;辫状河三角洲发育于湖泊萎缩期,表现为低角度中高频、中弱振幅前积反射,沿凸起边缘挠曲坡折带呈朵叶状分布.庙北地区油气显示普遍,这种沉积体系识别与刻画结果对于该区油气勘探具有重要意义.  相似文献